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In Defence of Moral Error Theory

Moral error theorists typically accept two claims - one conceptual and one ontological - about moral facts. The conceptual claim is that moral facts are or entail facts about categorical reasons (and correspondingly that moral claims are or entail claims about categorical reason); the ontological claim is that there are no categorical reasons-and consequently no moral facts-in reality. I accept this version of moral error theory and I try to unpack what it amounts to in section 2. In the course of doing so I consider two preliminary objections that moral error theory is (probably) false because its implications are intuitively unacceptable (what I call the Moorean objection) and that the general motivation for moral error theory is self-undermining in that it rests on a hidden appeal to norms. | Direct Link to PDF

Moral Minds: The Nature of Right and Wrong

THE CENTRAL IDEA of this book is simple: we evolved a moral instinct, a capacity that naturally grows within each child, designed to generate rapid judgments about what is morally right or wrong based on an unconscious grammar of action. Part of this machinery was designed by the blind hand of Darwinian selection millions of years before our species evolved; other parts were added or upgraded over the evolutionary history of our species, and are unique both to humans and to our moral psychology. These ideas draw on insightsfrom another instinct: language. | Direct Link to PDF (e-book)

Oxford Studies in Metaethics

The full book is available online for free:Oxford Studies in Metaethics is designed to collect, on an annual basis, some of the best new work being done in the field of metaethics. I’m very pleased to be able to present this third volume, one that has managed so successfully to fulfill the aims envisioned for the series. | Direct Link to Book

Moral Judgment

i. Moral rules are held to have an objective, prescriptive force; they are notdependent on the authority of any individual or institution.ii. Moral rules are taken to hold generally, not just locally; they not only proscribebehavior here and now, but also in other countries and at other times in history.iii. Violations of moral rules involve a victim who has been harmed, whose rightshave been violated, or who has been subject to an injustice.iv. Violations of moral rules are typically more serious than violations ofconventional rules. | Direct Link to PDF

Boredom? ADHD?

John Plotz in the New York Times: Their Noonday Demons, and Ours

These days, when we try to get a fix on our wasted time, we use labels that run from the psychological (distraction, “mind-wandering” or “top-down processing deficit”) to the medical (A.D.H.D., hypoglycemia) to the ethical (laziness, poor work habits). But perhaps “acedia” is the label we need. After all, it afflicted those whose pursuits prefigured the routines of many workers in the postindustrial economy. Acedia’s sufferers were engaged in solitary, sedentary, cerebral effort toward a clear final goal — but a goal that could be reached only by crossing an open, empty field with few signposts. The empty field is the monk’s day of spiritual contemplation in a cell besieged by the demon acedia — or your afternoon in a coffee shop with tiptop Wi-Fi.

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The Boundaries of Justice

The overarching concern in the idea of justice is the need to have just relations with others—and even to have appropriate sentiments about others; and what motivates the search is the diagnosis of injustice in ongoing arrangements. In some cases, this might demand the need to change an existing boundary of sovereignty—a concern that motivated Hume’s staunchly anti-colonial position. (He once remarked, “Oh! How I long to see America and the East Indies revolted totally & finally.”) Or it might relate to the Humean recognition that as we expand trade and other relations with foreign countries, our sentiments as well as our reasoning have to take note of the recognition that “the boundaries of justice still grow larger,” without the necessity to place all the people involved in our conception of justice within the confines of one sovereign state.

Amartya Sen, in The National Review, "The Boundaries of Justice."

What Position Will Win the TOC?

First, I just want to give a shout-out to the Mountain Brook tournament in Birmingham. This is the second year I've been, and once again the hospitality and timeliness have been exceptional. Jeff Roberts really goes out of his way to bring good judges to the tournament and put on a good show (and the MB students do a great job keeping things running). If you live in the South and don't make it to this tournament, you're missing out!On to the substance of today's post: what position will win the TOC?

I'll try not to answer my own question (since I'm more interested in others' thoughts), but I will say this: debaters are doing themselves a strategic disservice by running away from the plausibly true positions on this topic. I describe the loss as a "strategic" one, because I'm reasonably certain that no one will be persuaded by pedagogical risks.

The debates that start off on dubious premises (thanks to ridiculous case positions) almost always become side-tracked by theoretical and procedural questions that can rarely be resolved predictably. This is especially true in elimination rounds against strong competitors—the marginal utility of a "non-stock" position is significantly diminished when assured that your opponent will either shift the debate to theory or respond with an even more "outside the box" argument. The race to the bottom of absurdity can quickly become a counterproductive exercise, or one that at best terminates in a coin-flip decision.

While I hesitate to make any predictions, I certainly hope that high-level debates will explore the contextually unique accounts of self-defense that tend to permeate this topic in real-world discussion. I believe that the most researched account of this issue can and should take center stage. Off-the-wall positions may be decisive in prelims and lesser tournaments, but the most consistently and universally successful positions are true ones.

What do you expect to see come out on top?

Three Judging Practices That Need To Stop by Adam Torson

All of these practices are tempting, but a moment’s reflection should suggest to most judges that they are inappropriate.

1. Speaker Point Games

Enough with the paradigms that promise increased speaker points for goofy behavior. You might think it’s hysterical to promise a thirty for bringing you a cookie, saying “supercalifragilisticexpialidocious,” or dancing a jig, but it’s not. Judging is not about you – the debaters aren’t there for your entertainment.

If it were harmless fun nobody would care, but speaker points matter. They affect who you debate in prelims (especially later in a tournament when brackets are smaller), whether you break, and out-round seeding. On more than one occasion I have seen a speaker point game change who breaks and who doesn’t. It’s not fair, and it should stop.

2. Berating Debaters

A certain amount of irritation at poorly debated rounds is natural, but it’s stunning how often judges go way over the top. Expressing outrage at the state of debate or the obnoxiousness of some particular practice may be cathartic, but it’s hardly constructive. Getting angry and berating debaters is self-indulgent; the oral critique is not about your anger. It is reprehensible to be proud of making a debater cry.

Sometimes anger is appropriate, as when a debater is rude or patently offensive, but this is relatively rare. Yelling at someone because they made an argument you don’t like suggests a dramatic lack of perspective – the kids are learning what a good argument is, people have different views on what a good argument is, and students are coached in different ways. The RFD is not about showing off how smart you are or how much you know about debate. Get over yourself and make your comments constructive. You are not entitled to adjudicate a tournament full of mistake free rounds.

3. Calling Tons of Evidence

Everyone seems to want debaters to be clearer, but many of us engage in a practice that incentivizes exactly the opposite. The debaters’ opportunity to effectively convey the meaning of their evidence is the constructive. Figuring out what evidence means after the round and making it part of the decision calculus is blatant intervention. There are judges who routinely call virtually every argument read in the round and reconstruct their flow on that basis. Give me a break.

I suspect this is mostly motivated by ego – none of us likes to admit that we didn’t understand an argument. But – I feel like a broken record – it’s not about you. It is unfair and pedagogically unsound to vote for arguments you straight up don’t understand – even more so when you are doing things like supplying evidence comparison for the debaters. Have enough courage to admit when you don’t get something, even at the risk of teenagers thinking you’re not as smart as they otherwise would.

Interview with a Champion: Josh Roberts

In the weeks leading up to NFL Nationals in Birmingham, Alabama, VBD will be interviewing previous champions of the prestigious tournament. Our first interview was with the 2011 champ, Josh Roberts, who debated for Northland Christian School in Houston, Texas. 

David Branse wins the Sunvitational Round Robin

Congratulations from David Branse from University for defeating Jake Steirn from Cypress Bay on a 5-0 decision (Maeshal Abid, Matt Kawahara, Loren Eastlund, Chris Castillo, Student Vote) to win the 2014 Sunvite Round Robin! 

David Branse wins the Sunvitational Round Robin

Congratulations from David Branse from University for defeating Jake Steirn from Cypress Bay on a 5-0 decision (Maeshal Abid, Matt Kawahara, Loren Eastlund, Chris Castillo, Student Vote) to win the 2014 Sunvite Round Robin! 

Pranav Reddy Wins 2015 NDCA National Championship

ndca Las Vegas, NV -- Congratulations to Harker's Pranav Reddy for winning the 2015 NDCA National Championship! As the defending champion, Pranav defeated Greenhill's Varad Agarwala in finals on a 2-1 decision (Alderete, Bietz, Theis*) to take the championship. Congratulations to both debaters! Pranav is coached by Greg Achten, Ryan Fink, Jordan Lamothe, and Jerry Chen. Varad is coached by Aaron Timmons, Bekah Boyer, Chris Randall, and Rebecca Kuang.Full results can be found on Tabroom: https://www.tabroom.com/index/tourn/index.mhtml?tourn_id=3398 RunoffsPeninsula JL def Lexington LW 2-1Marlborough AG def Harvard-Westlake KW 2-1 OctafinalsGreenhill VA def Peninsula JZ 3-0Newark Science AF def Peninsula AT 2-1Greenhill BE def Harvard-Westlake CE 3-0Newark Science CQ def Harvard-Westlake CC 2-1Greenhill MM def Harvard-Westlake NS 2-1Harker PR def Peninsula JL 3-0Peninsula AJ def Marlborough AG 3-0Newark Science SS over Newark Science AK QuarterfinalsPeninsula AJ def Newark Science SS (SunHee Simon) 3-0 (Achten, Alderete, Knell)Harker PR def Newark Science AF (Adegoke Fakorede) 2-1 (Alderete, Knell, Woodhouse*)Greenhill BE def Newark Science CQ (Christian Quiroz) 2-1 (Achten*, Chen, Theis)Greenhill VA over Greenhill MM (Mitali Mathur) SemifinalsHarker PR def Greenhill BE (Bennett Eckert) 2-1 (Bietz, Theis*, Wheeler)Greenhill VA def Peninsula AJ (Akhil Jalan) 2-1 (Achten, Alderete, Fink*) FinalsHarker PR def Greenhill VA (Varad Agarwala) 2-1 (Alderete, Bietz, Theis*) ChampionHarker PR (Pranav Reddy)

Rahul Gosain Wins the 2015 Penn Round Robin

6 Philadelphia, PA -- Congratulations to Scarsdale's Rahul Gosain for winning the 2015 Penn Round Robin! In finals, Rahul defeated Del Mar's Varun Bhave on a 2-1 decision (Massey*, Houston, Koh). Congratulations to both debaters!This year, the Penn Round Robin will be bringing back the "timeout system" for elimination rounds! Instead of prep time, debaters were given 4 "full" timeouts every round, during which a debater may stop the round for 1 minute, and 2 “30 second” timeouts, during which a debater may stop the round for 30 seconds. Timeouts may be called at any point during the debate (even during an opponent’s speech). Debaters are encouraged to use timeouts to halt their opponent’s momentum, to mull over a tough CX question, or to check new 2AR arguments. SemifinalsScarsdale RG over Scarsdale MBDel Mar VB def Byram Hills AJ 2-1 (Massey*, Bhat, Gorthey) FinalsScarsdale RG def Del Mar VB (Varun Bhave) 2-1 (Massey*, Houston, Koh)  Alex PodDel Mar - Varun BhaveHarrison - Kathryn KennyHunter College - Nina PotsichmanLexington - Dan AlessandroScarsdale - Michael Bogaty Kanisha PodByram Hills - Amos JengHarrison - Elyssa AlfieriLexington - Preetham ChippadaScarsdale - Rahul GosainWalt Whitman - Sophia Caldera

Akhil Gandra Wins the 2015 Kandi King Round Robin

kk rr Houston, TX -- Congratulations to Westwood's Akhil Gandra for winning the 2015 Kandi King Round Robin! In finals, Akhil defeated Greenhill's Varad Agarwala on a 4-1 decision (Koshak, Lanning*, Sharma, Wei, Student Vote). Congratulations also to Greenhill's Bennett Eckert and Newark Science's Christian Quiroz for advancing to semifinals.Full results can be found on Tabroom: https://www.tabroom.com/index/tourn/index.mhtml?tourn_id=3486 Pod A: Top 4 Westwood AG - 13 ballotsGreenhill BE - 10 ballotsClements RG - 8 ballotsNewark Science SS - 7 ballots Pod B: Top 4Greenhill VA - 13 ballotsNewark Science CQ - 9 ballots (advances on tiebreaker)University DB - 9 ballotsKinkaid TG - 9 ballots SemifinalsGreenhill VA over Greenhill BE (Bennett Eckert)Westwood AG def Newark Science CQ (Christian Quiroz) 2-1 (Dardar, Koshak*, Sharma) FinalsWestwood AG def Greenhill VA (Varad Agarwala) 4-1 (Koshak, Lanning*, Sharma, Wei, Student Vote) ChampionWestwood AG (Akhil Gandra)

Nina Kalluri Wins the Hockaday Women's Round Robin

hockaday Dallas, TX -- Congratulations to Kinkaid's Nina Kalluri for winning the 2015 Hockaday Women's Round Robin! In finals, Nina defeated Harrison's Sarah Ryan on a 2-1 decision (Melin, Cavanaugh, Massey*). Nina advanced from her pod undefeated and also won the top speaker trophy.Congratulations also to Del Mar's Katya Brooun and Flower Mound's Harshita Davuluri for advancing to semifinals! Below is the complete list of round robin competitors:

Kalinoski Cati Dowling Catholic
Bawany Aisha Plano East Senior HS
Cogan Sarah Hunter College High
Kenny Kathryn Harrison HS
Alfieri Elyssa Harrison HS
Ryan Sarah Harrison HS
Kalluri Nina The Kinkaid School
McConway Cameron Cy-Fair HS
Smith Breann Liberty Christian School
Terrace Cathy Kingwood HS
Zhang Jessica The Woodlands College Park
Hernandez Maria Law Magnet HS
Smith Toiya North Crowley HS
Kee Morgan Prosper HS
Berkey Gabriella North Crowley HS
Pendse Vandita Mountain View HS
Brooun Katya Del Mar Independent
Somani Shailja Lynbrook HS
Korn Leora Walt Whitman HS
Narain Sasha Los Altos HS
Stevens Maddy Winston Churchill HS
Hsun Kim Winston Churchill HS
Davuluri Harshita Flower Mound HS

Colten White Wins the 2015 Nebraska State Championship

nb state

Lincoln, NE -- Congratulations to Kearney's Colten White for winning the 2015 Nebraska State Debate Championship! In finals, Colten defeated Millard North's Priya Kukreja. Congratulations to both debaters!For more information, check out Joy of Tournaments: http://www.joyoftournaments.com/ne/nscta/info.asp?p=1 RunoffsLincoln CM def Millard North QR (Quinn Reimer) QuarterfinalsMillard North PK def Lincoln EY (Elizabeth Yost)Kearney CW def Lincoln East JL (Jesse Lin)Lincoln MZ over Lincoln CM (Caleb Martin)Millard West GN def Millard North GB (Grant Brown) SemifinalsKearney CW def Lincoln MZ (Maggie Zoz)Millard North PK def Millard West GN (Gino Nuzzolillo) FinalsKearney CW def Millard North PK (Priya Kukreja) ChampionKearney CW (Colten White)  

Grace Kim Wins Western JV National Championship

western San Francisco, CA -- Congratulations to Marlborough's Grace Kim for winning the 2015 Western JV National Championship! In finals, Grace defeated Mission San Jose's Devesh Kodnani (not pictured) on a 3-0 decision (Knell, Bower, Kadie). Congratulations to both debaters!In the novice LD division, congratulations to Palo Alto's Tanay Krishna for taking the championship over Harvard-Westlake's William Berlin on a 2-1 decision (Miyamoto, Garvin, Torson).For full results, check out Tabroom: https://www.tabroom.com/index/tourn/index.mhtml?tourn_id=3726 JV LDQuarterfinalsLynbrook HW def Harker ML (Matthew Lee) 2-1Marlborough GK def Harker SL (Serena Lu) 3-0Marlborough LG def Palo Alto CF (Colin Fee) 3-0Mission San Jose DK def Harvard-Westlake CJ (Chasia Jeffries) 2-1 SemifinalsMarlborough GK def Lynbrook HW (Harrison Wang) 2-1Mission San Jose DK def Marlborough LG (Lily Goldsmith) 2-1 FinalsMarlborough GK def Mission San Jose DK (Devesh Kodnani) 3-0 ChampionMarlborough GK (Grace Kim)

Marlborough and Harvard-Westlake Close Out Woodward

1woodwardAtlanta, GA -- Congratulations to Harvard-Westlake's Vishan Chaudhary, Evan Engel, Indu Pandey, and Liz Yount for closing out the 1st Year LD division at the Woodward 1st and 2nd Year National Championships! Congratulations also to Marlborough's Lily Goldsmith and Grace Kim for closing out the 2nd Year LD division!For full results, check out Tabroom: https://www.tabroom.com/index/tourn/index.mhtml?tourn_id=3523 1st Year LDQuarterfinalsHarvard-Westlake LY def Greenhill SK (Shruthi Krishnan) 2-1 (Coffman, Corder, Gersh*)Harvard-Westlake IP def Lake Highland SG (Steven Goldware) 2-1 (Agarwala, Coffman, Massey*)Harvard-Westlake EE over Harvard-Westlake NP (Nick Platt)Harvard-Westlake VC def Lake Highland RS (Rithvik Seela) 3-0 (Eckert, LaBarre, Routzhan) Co-ChampionsHarvard-Westlake LY (Liz Yount), Harvard-Westlake IP (Indu Pandey), Harvard-Westlake EE (Evan Engel), and Harvard-Westlake VC (Vishan Chaudhary) 2nd Year LDQuarterfinalsLake Highland AA def Northland ML (Madison Lewis) 3-0 (Gogate, Massey, Rosen)Walt Whitman XR def Harrison RP (Raffi Piliero) 2-1 (Coffman*, Ditzian, Nails)Marlborough GK def Lake Highland JN (Jerome Nashed) 2-1 (Coffman*, Nails, Routzhan)Marlborough LG def Northland MP (Margaret Purcell) 2-1 (Gogate, Massey*, Rosen) SemifinalsMarlborough LG def Lake Highland AA (Ariel Azbel) 2-1 (Knell, Massey*, Rosen)Marlborough GK def Walt Whitman XR (Xavier Roberts-Gaal) 2-1 (Chessman, Gogate, Knell*) Co-ChampionsMarlborough LG (Lily Goldsmith) and Marlborough GK (Grace Kim) 

Announcing the Kandi King Round Robin Field

Houston, TX -- Paul Gravley, coach at Northland Christian, and Courtney Coffman, director of debate at Northland Christian, have announced the field for the 2015 Kandi King Round Robin! We are excited to announce the pods for the Kandi King Round Robin.  The Round Robin is held in honor of Kandi King, a consummate advocate for students and debate.  The event will be held in Houston at Northland Christian School, March 27, 28.  All proceeds from this event will be put towards a scholarship to help with the rising costs of national circuit debate.  The fund is held at the National Speech and Debate Association. Pod AWoodlands - Abbey ChapmanWestwood - Akhil GandraStrake Jesuit - Anthony TohmeGreenhill - Bennett EckertNorthland Christian - Davis LaBarreDulles - Nolan BurdettClements - Rebecca GelferNewark Science - SunHee Simon Pod BStrake Jesuit - Alberto TohmeNewark Science - Christian QuirozUniversity - David BranseClements - Felix TanDulles - Kevin SiKaty Taylor - Neel YerneniKinkaid - Tyler GambleGreenhill - Varad Agarwala Best,Paul GravleyKing Round Robin CoordinatorDebate Coach, Northland Christian School Courtney CoffmanDirector of DebateNorthland Christian School